Linganisha mbinu

	Objectified Body Consciousness Scale	Attitudes Toward Women Scale
Nyanja	Gender Studies	Gender Studies
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1996	1972
Mwanzilishi	Nita Mary McKinley and Janet Shibley Hyde	Janet T. Spence and Robert Helmreich
Aina	Self-report multidimensional scale	Self-report attitude scale
Chanzo asilia	McKinley, N. M., & Hyde, J. S. (1996). The Objectified Body Consciousness Scale: Development and validation. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20(2), 181–215.	Spence, J. T., & Helmreich, R. (1972). The Attitudes Toward Women Scale: An objective instrument to measure attitudes toward the rights and roles of women in contemporary society. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 2, 66–67.
Majina mbadala	OBCS, Objectified Body Consciousness	AWS, Spence-Helmreich AWS
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS), developed by Nita McKinley and Janet Hyde in 1996, is a 24-item self-report instrument that measures the extent to which a person experiences their body as an object to be watched and evaluated. It comprises three 8-item subscales — body surveillance, body shame, and appearance control beliefs — grounded in the idea that women in particular internalise an observer's perspective on their own bodies.	The Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS), developed by Janet Spence and Robert Helmreich in 1972, is a self-report Likert instrument that measures beliefs about the appropriate rights and roles of women in contemporary society. Respondents indicate their agreement with statements about vocational, educational, intellectual, marital, and social conduct expectations for women, yielding a single score that ranges from traditional and conservative to egalitarian and liberal.