Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Kujiamini katika Lishe (DASES / Kujiamini kwa Kisukari)	Kipimo cha Tathmini ya Lishe (MNA)
Nyanja	Sayansi ya Lishe	Sayansi ya Lishe
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2003	1994
Mwanzilishi	Kate Lorig, Philip L. Ritter, Farrokh Alavifard (Stanford Patient Education Center)	Yves Guigoz, Bruno Vellas, Paul J. Garry
Aina	Self-report confidence scale	Clinician-administered questionnaire + anthropometric measurement
Chanzo asilia	Lorig, K., Ritter, P. L., Villa, F., & Piette, J. D. (2009). Spanish language diabetes self-management with and without automated telephone reinforcement: two randomized trials. Diabetes Care, 32(3), 408-414.	Guigoz, Y., Vellas, B., & Garry, P. J. (1994). Mini Nutritional Assessment: A practical assessment tool for grading the nutritional state of elderly patients. Facts and Research in Gerontology, Supplement 2, 15-59.
Majina mbadala	DASES, diabetes-self-efficacy, nutrition-efficacy	MNA, MNA-SF (short form)
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The Nutrition Self-Efficacy Scale, sometimes called the Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale (DASES), is an 8-item instrument measuring confidence in performing diet-related behaviors and self-management skills. Developed by Lorig and colleagues at the Stanford Patient Education Center in 2003, it is based on self-efficacy theory and measures respondents' confidence in their ability to eat healthily, manage portions, choose healthful foods, and overcome dietary barriers. The scale is used in diabetes care, weight management, and general nutrition intervention research.	The Mini Nutritional Assessment is a simple, rapid, and non-invasive screening tool designed to identify malnutrition and nutritional risk in older adults. Developed by Guigoz, Vellas, and colleagues in 1994, it combines subjective assessment with objective anthropometric and laboratory measurements. It is widely used in clinical practice, research, and community settings to detect nutritional decline and guide intervention.