Linganisha mbinu

	Idadi ya Vielelezo Vilivyotambuliwa	Uchambuzi wa Uchakavu wa Matumizi
Nyanja	Akiolojia	Akiolojia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1971	1980
Mwanzilishi	R. E. Chaplin	Lawrence Keeley
Aina	Faunal quantification method	Tool function inference
Chanzo asilia	Chaplin, R. E. (1971). The Study of Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites. Seminar Press.	Keeley, L. H. (1980). Experimental Determination of Stone Tool Uses. University of Chicago Press.
Majina mbadala	NISP method, specimen count	microwear, tool use analysis
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Number of identified specimens (NISP) is a fundamental zooarchaeological method that quantifies the abundance of faunal remains by counting all identifiable bone fragments or specimens in an assemblage. Formalized by R. E. Chaplin and later refined by Donald Grayson and others, NISP is the most straightforward and widely used quantification metric in zooarchaeology. Despite its simplicity, NISP is sensitive to both cultural and taphonomic factors that affect preservation, fragmentation, and identification of bone assemblages.	Use-wear analysis (also called microwear or tool-use analysis) is a method that infers the function of stone tools from microscopic wear patterns on their cutting edges and surfaces. Pioneered by Lawrence Keeley in the 1970s-1980s, this technique examines damage patterns, polishes, and edge rounding produced as tools contact different materials during use. By analyzing these wear patterns, archaeologists can determine whether a tool was used to cut plant material, meat, bone, hide, or wood—revealing detailed information about task specialization and subsistence practices in prehistoric societies.