Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Norton	Tathmini ya Hatari ya Kuanguka kwa Mgonjwa
Nyanja	Uuguzi	Uuguzi
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1962	2000
Mwanzilishi	Doreen Norton, Rhonda McLaren, and A. N. Exton-Smith	Multiple researchers (Oliver, Hendrich, and colleagues)
Aina	Risk assessment scale	Assessment protocol
Chanzo asilia	Norton, D., McLaren, R., & Exton-Smith, A. N. (1962). An investigation of geriatric nursing problems in hospital. National Corporation for the Care of Old People, London.	Hendrich, A. L., Bender, P. S., & Nyhuis, A. (2003). Validation of the Hendrich II Fall Risk Model: a large concurrent case/control study of hospitalized patients. Applied Nursing Research, 16(3), 159-171.
Majina mbadala	Norton Pressure Sore Risk Scale, NPSRS	Fall Risk Screening, Fall Prevention Assessment, PFRA
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Norton Scale is a pioneering risk assessment tool developed by Doreen Norton and colleagues in 1962 to identify hospitalized patients at risk of developing pressure sores. As one of the earliest standardized pressure ulcer risk assessment instruments, the Norton Scale predates and influenced many later tools including the widely used Braden Scale. It remains relevant in clinical practice, particularly in geriatric and long-term care settings.	Patient Fall Risk Assessment is a systematic clinical evaluation process used to identify hospitalized or institutionalized patients at increased risk of falling. Falls are a major cause of injury and mortality in healthcare settings, particularly among older adults. The assessment considers intrinsic patient factors (e.g., age, medical conditions, medications) and extrinsic environmental factors (e.g., lighting, equipment, flooring) to guide preventive interventions.