Linganisha mbinu

	9HPT	Kiwango cha Utendaji wa Kiungo cha Juu
Nyanja	Tiba ya Kazi	Tiba ya Kazi
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1985	1990s (occupational therapy version)
Mwanzilishi	Mathiowetz, V., Weber, K., Kashman, N., & Volland, G.	Stratford, P. W., & colleagues (various modifications; occupational therapy adaptations used)
Aina	Performance-based, timed assessment by clinician	Self-report questionnaire, clinician-scored
Chanzo asilia	Mathiowetz, V., Weber, K., Kashman, N., & Volland, G. (1985). Adult norms for the Nine-Hole Peg Test of finger dexterity. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 5(1), 24-38.	Stratford, P. W., Binkley, J. M., Riddle, D. L., & Guyatt, G. H. (1996). Sensitivity to change of the Roland-Morris Back Pain Index: Part 1. Physical Therapy, 76(2), 122-133.
Majina mbadala	9HPT, Nine-Hole Pegboard Test	UEFS, Upper Extremity Functional Status Scale
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT) is a brief, quantitative, performance-based measure of fine motor hand dexterity and coordination. Developed by Mathiowetz and colleagues (1985) at the University of Minnesota, the 9HPT is one of the simplest and most widely used screening tests for hand function, particularly finger dexterity. The 9HPT is used across occupational therapy, hand therapy, neurology, and rehabilitation medicine to measure fine motor function in conditions affecting dexterity: hand injury, arthritis, neurological disease (multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, stroke), cumulative trauma, and post-surgical hand recovery.	The Upper Extremity Functional Scale (UEFS) is a self-report outcome measure designed to quantify functional limitation and capacity in the upper extremity (arm, hand) across everyday activities. Various versions exist; the most commonly used in occupational therapy and rehabilitation derive from adaptations of functional capacity assessment frameworks, measuring activities such as eating, dressing, grooming, reaching, grasping, and fine motor tasks. The UEFS is widely used in occupational therapy, orthopedic rehabilitation, and ergonomic assessment to track improvement in arm/hand function following injury, surgery, or therapy.