Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Newcastle-Ottawa cha Tathmini ya Ubora wa Utafiti wa Kuchunguza	Orodha ya STROBE: Viwango vya Kuripoti Tafiti za Uangalizi
Nyanja	Metodolojia ya Utafiti	Metodolojia ya Utafiti
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2000	2007
Mwanzilishi	Wells et al. (Ottawa Hospital Research Institute)	Von Elm et al. (STROBE Group)
Aina	Research team assessment	Study author reporting checklist
Chanzo asilia	Wells, G. A., Shea, B., O'Connell, D., Peterson, J., Welch, V., Losos, M., & Tugwell, P. (2000). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Retrieved from Ottawa Hospital Research Institute.	Von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. The Lancet, 370(9596), 1453–1457.
Majina mbadala	NOS	STROBE
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) is a widely used tool for assessing the methodological quality of observational studies (case-control and cohort designs) included in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Developed by Wells et al. at Ottawa Hospital in 2000, it provides explicit criteria and a star-based scoring system that enables transparent, quantitative comparison of study quality across evidence syntheses.	STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) is a 22-item evidence-based checklist published in 2007 by Von Elm et al. to improve the quality of reporting of cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional observational studies. Like CONSORT for RCTs, STROBE is endorsed by over 300 journals and is widely considered the reporting standard for observational epidemiological research.