Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Mazingira Mpya (New Ecological Paradigm - NEP)	Kiwango cha Muunganisho na Asili (CNS)
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Mazingira	Saikolojia ya Mazingira
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2000	2004
Mwanzilishi	Riley E. Dunlap	Frederic S. Mayer and Cynthia M. Frantz
Aina	Self-report Likert scale	Self-report Likert scale
Chanzo asilia	Dunlap, R. E., Van Liere, K. D., Mertig, A. G., & Jones, R. E. (2000). New trends in measuring environmental attitudes: measuring endorsement of the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP). Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 425–442.	Mayer, F. S., & Frantz, C. M. (2004). The connectedness to nature scale: A measure of individuals' feeling of dependence on nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(4), 503–515.
Majina mbadala	NEP, New Environmental Paradigm Scale	CNS, Mayer-Frantz Connectedness
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) Scale measures endorsement of an ecocentric worldview that views humans as embedded within, rather than dominant over, nature. Developed by Dunlap et al. (2000) to update the original 1978 scale, the NEP assesses environmental beliefs across multiple dimensions including balance of nature, limits to growth, human exceptionalism, and nature's intrinsic value. It is widely used in environmental psychology, sustainability research, and conservation communication studies.	The Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) measures the degree to which individuals feel emotionally and cognitively connected to nature as part of their sense of self. Developed by Mayer and Frantz (2004), the CNS operationalizes the construct of nature connection—the felt sense of kinship, interdependence, and belonging with the natural world. The scale is widely employed in environmental psychology research, health outcome studies examining nature exposure effects, and intervention evaluations designed to strengthen human-nature relationships.