Linganisha mbinu

	Need to Belong Scale	Experiences in Close Relationships Scale
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Kijamii	Saikolojia ya Kijamii
Familia	Latent structure	Latent structure
Mwaka wa asili	2013	1998
Mwanzilishi	Mark Leary and colleagues	Kelly Brennan, Catherine Clark & Phillip Shaver
Aina	Self-report individual-difference scale	Self-report two-dimensional scale
Chanzo asilia	Leary, M. R., Kelly, K. M., Cottrell, C. A., & Schreindorfer, L. S. (2013). Construct validity of the Need to Belong Scale: Mapping the nomological network. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95(6), 610-624.	Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult romantic attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment Theory and Close Relationships (pp. 46-76). Guilford Press. ISBN: 9781572302365
Majina mbadala	NTBS, Belongingness Need Scale, Need for Belonging Measure	ECR, Adult Attachment Scale, Brennan-Clark-Shaver Attachment Scale
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The Need to Belong Scale (NTBS) is a brief self-report instrument that measures individual differences in the strength of a person's motivation to form and maintain social bonds. Grounded in Baumeister and Leary's belongingness hypothesis -- the claim that the need to belong is a fundamental human motive -- the scale asks respondents to rate agreement with statements about wanting acceptance, fearing rejection, and needing to feel connected. Leary, Kelly, Cottrell, and Schreindorfer's 2013 validation established its construct validity across nine studies, showing that need to belong correlates with but is distinct from related constructs such as affiliation motivation and extraversion, and predicts sensitivity to social cues and reactions to exclusion. It has become a standard moderator and individual-difference measure in research on rejection, ostracism, and social motivation.	The Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) scale, developed by Brennan, Clark, and Shaver in 1998, is the most widely used self-report measure of adult romantic attachment. The authors factor-analyzed essentially all existing English-language attachment measures and found that they reduced to two orthogonal dimensions: attachment anxiety, the fear of rejection and abandonment and a craving for closeness and reassurance, and attachment avoidance, discomfort with intimacy and dependence and a preference for self-reliance. The resulting 36-item scale, with 18 items per dimension rated on a Likert scale, locates each respondent in a two-dimensional attachment space whose regions correspond to the familiar secure, preoccupied, dismissing, and fearful styles. Highly reliable and extensively validated, the ECR (and its revision, the ECR-R) became the standard instrument for studying how attachment shapes relationship functioning, emotion regulation, and support-seeking across close relationships.