Linganisha mbinu

	Nationalism and Patriotism Scale	Group Identity Measurement
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Siasa	Saikolojia ya Siasa
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1989	2008
Mwanzilishi	Rick Kosterman & Seymour Feshbach	Colin Wayne Leach et al.
Aina	Self-report attitude scale	Self-report identity scale
Chanzo asilia	Kosterman, R., & Feshbach, S. (1989). Toward a measure of patriotic and nationalistic attitudes. Political Psychology, 10(2), 257-274.	Leach, C. W., van Zomeren, M., Zebel, S., Vliek, M. L. W., Pennekamp, S. F., Doosje, B., Ouwerkerk, J. W., & Spears, R. (2008). Group-level self-definition and self-investment: A hierarchical (multicomponent) model of in-group identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(1), 144-165.
Majina mbadala	Patriotism-Nationalism Scale, Kosterman-Feshbach Scale, Blind and Constructive Patriotism Scale	Group Identification Scale, Ingroup Identification Measure, Identity Centrality Scale
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Nationalism and Patriotism Scale, introduced by Kosterman and Feshbach (1989), distinguishes patriotism (love of and attachment to one's nation) from nationalism (belief in national superiority and a desire for dominance over other nations). It established that national attachment is not a single attitude but a set of separable dimensions, a distinction later extended by Schatz, Staub and Lavine (1999) into blind versus constructive patriotism.	Group identity measurement assesses the strength and structure of a person's psychological identification with a social group, such as a party, nation, ethnic group, or movement. The Leach et al. (2008) hierarchical multicomponent model is a leading approach, decomposing in-group identification into self-definition (individual self-stereotyping, in-group homogeneity) and self-investment (solidarity, satisfaction, centrality), measured by a validated 14-item scale.