Linganisha mbinu

	Msawazo Mkuu wa Mlinganyo (MLR)	Uchanganuzi wa Usawazishaji (ANCOVA)
Nyanja	Takwimu	Takwimu
Familia	Regression model	Hypothesis test
Mwaka wa asili	1886	1932
Mwanzilishi	Francis Galton; formalized by Karl Pearson	Ronald A. Fisher
Aina	Parametric linear model	Parametric group comparison with covariate control
Chanzo asilia	Galton, F. (1886). Regression towards mediocrity in hereditary stature. Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 15, 246–263.	Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205849574
Majina mbadala	MLR, OLS regression, multiple regression, linear regression with multiple predictors	analysis of covariance, covariance analysis, ANCOVA (Kovaryans Analizi)
Zinazohusiana	8	4
Muhtasari	Multiple linear regression (MLR) is a parametric regression model that expresses a continuous outcome as a weighted linear combination of two or more predictor variables plus a random error term. The unknown weights (regression coefficients) are estimated by ordinary least squares (OLS), which minimises the sum of squared residuals. The method traces to Francis Galton's 1886 work on hereditary stature and was placed on firm mathematical footing by Karl Pearson; Draper and Smith's 1966 textbook established it as the standard framework for applied regression.	ANCOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the adjusted means of two or more independent groups while statistically controlling for one or more continuous covariates. By removing the portion of outcome variance explained by the covariate, ANCOVA increases statistical precision and produces fairer group comparisons. The method builds on the general linear model framework consolidated by Fisher in the early 1930s and is described comprehensively by Tabachnick and Fidell (2013).