Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti wa Somo la Kesi Nyingi	Utafiti wa kifani
Nyanja	Mbinu za Uwandani	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1999–2002 (Western formalization); Japanese origins 19th century	1984 (seminal codification)
Mwanzilishi	Japanese education tradition; systematized in Western research by Catherine Lewis, James Stigler, and James Hiebert	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)
Aina	Collaborative qualitative research design	Qualitative research design
Chanzo asilia	Lewis, C. C. (2002). Lesson Study: A Handbook of Teacher-Led Instructional Change. Research for Better Schools. ISBN: 978-0944536483	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169
Majina mbadala	multi-site lesson study, cross-case lesson study, collaborative lesson research (multi-case), MCLS	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology
Zinazohusiana	6	5
Muhtasari	Multiple-case lesson study extends the Japanese lesson study cycle — collaborative planning, live observation, and structured debrief of a single research lesson — across two or more independent cases (schools, classrooms, or teacher teams). By replicating and comparing the cycle at multiple sites, researchers can distinguish context-specific findings from those that generalize across settings, producing richer evidence about effective instructional practices in humanities and social science domains.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.