Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi Semiotiki wa Kesi Nyingi	Uchanganuzi wa Wigo
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1980s–1990s (consolidation in communication and marketing research)	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)
Mwanzilishi	Synthesised from Peircean/Saussurean semiotics and Yin's multiple case study logic; Floch (1990) is a key applied exemplar	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell
Aina	Qualitative comparative research design	Method
Chanzo asilia	Floch, J.-M. (1990). Semiotique, marketing et communication: sous les signes, les strategies. Presses Universitaires de France. [English translation: Semiotics, Marketing and Communication, Palgrave Macmillan, 2001.] ISBN: 978-0333776858	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.
Majina mbadala	multi-case semiotic analysis, comparative semiotic case study, cross-case semiotic inquiry, MCSA	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis
Zinazohusiana	5	2
Muhtasari	Multiple case-based semiotic analysis is a qualitative research design that applies semiotic frameworks — the systematic study of signs, codes, and meaning-making — across two or more purposively selected cases. By combining the comparative logic of multiple case study research with the interpretive tools of semiotics (structural, Peircean, or Greimasian), it enables researchers to uncover how meaning is constructed and varied across distinct cultural, organisational, or communicative contexts.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.