Linganisha mbinu

	Uchanganuzi wa Ki-taasisi kwa Misingi ya Kesi Nyingi	Uchanganuzi wa kiutamaduni kulinganishi
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1987 (IE foundation); multi-case application developed through 1990s–2000s	1987–1995 (systematic comparative ethnography formalized)
Mwanzilishi	Dorothy E. Smith (institutional ethnography); multi-site adaptation by IE practitioners	George E. Marcus (multi-sited formulation); Charles C. Ragin (comparative logic)
Aina	Qualitative multi-site research design	Qualitative comparative research design
Chanzo asilia	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105690	Marcus, G. E. (1995). Ethnography in/of the world system: The emergence of multi-sited ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24, 95–117.
Majina mbadala	multi-site institutional ethnography, comparative institutional ethnography, multi-case IE, multiple-site IE	multi-sited ethnography, cross-site ethnography, comparative field research, comparative participant observation
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	Multiple case-based institutional ethnography combines Dorothy E. Smith's institutional ethnography with a multi-site case structure, enabling researchers to trace how the same ruling relations, texts, and institutional processes operate across two or more distinct organizational or community settings. By holding the analytical framework constant while varying the site, this design reveals both the trans-local reach of ruling apparatus and the locally specific ways people navigate institutional coordination.	Comparative ethnography is a qualitative research design that conducts in-depth ethnographic fieldwork across two or more sites, groups, communities, or cultural settings in order to generate systematic comparisons. Rather than describing a single community in isolation, it traces similarities, differences, and interconnections across cases, producing theoretically grounded insights that no single site could yield alone.