Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti wa Ki-ethnografia wa Kidijitali unaozingatia Kesi Nyingi	Uchanganuzi wa kiutamaduni kulinganishi
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2000s–2010s	1987–1995 (systematic comparative ethnography formalized)
Mwanzilishi	Christine Hine (virtual ethnography); Sarah Pink et al. (digital ethnography); cross-case logic from Robert Yin	George E. Marcus (multi-sited formulation); Charles C. Ragin (comparative logic)
Aina	Qualitative comparative research design	Qualitative comparative research design
Chanzo asilia	Hine, C. (2000). Virtual Ethnography. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761958956	Marcus, G. E. (1995). Ethnography in/of the world system: The emergence of multi-sited ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24, 95–117.
Majina mbadala	multi-case digital ethnography, comparative digital ethnography, cross-case digital ethnography, multi-site digital ethnography	multi-sited ethnography, cross-site ethnography, comparative field research, comparative participant observation
Zinazohusiana	5	6
Muhtasari	Multiple case-based digital ethnography is a qualitative research design that conducts ethnographic fieldwork across two or more purposefully selected digital sites or communities, then systematically compares findings across cases. Rooted in digital ethnography's immersive, interpretive tradition and in multiple case study logic, it reveals both site-specific practices and cross-cutting patterns in online social life. It is especially suited to questions about how similar phenomena are enacted differently across digital platforms, communities, or cultural contexts.	Comparative ethnography is a qualitative research design that conducts in-depth ethnographic fieldwork across two or more sites, groups, communities, or cultural settings in order to generate systematic comparisons. Rather than describing a single community in isolation, it traces similarities, differences, and interconnections across cases, producing theoretically grounded insights that no single site could yield alone.