Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti wa Wasifu wa Kesi Nyingi	Uchunguzi Simulizi
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990s–2000s (cross-case biographical designs consolidated in qualitative methodology literature)	2000
Mwanzilishi	Synthesised from Robert K. Yin (multiple case logic) and biographical research traditions (Roberts, Chamberlayne, Bornat)	D. Jean Clandinin and F. Michael Connelly
Aina	Qualitative research design	Method
Chanzo asilia	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. Jossey-Bass.
Majina mbadala	multi-case biographical study, cross-case biography, comparative biographical case study, multiple biographical case analysis	Narrative Analysis, Narrative Research, Life Story Method
Zinazohusiana	6	3
Muhtasari	Multiple case-based biographical research combines the cross-case replication logic of multiple case study design with the in-depth life-history orientation of biographical research. Each individual biography is treated as a bounded case, examined first on its own terms, and then analysed comparatively across cases to identify patterns, contrasts, and transferable insights about how lives are shaped by social, historical, and structural forces.	Narrative inquiry is a qualitative research methodology that treats stories and life narratives as primary data, analyzing how individuals construct meaning and identity through storytelling. Developed by D. Jean Clandinin and F. Michael Connelly (2000), narrative inquiry examines the narratives people tell about their lives, experiences, and transitions, understanding that people make sense of experience through narrative.