Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti wa Wasifu wa Kesi Nyingi	Utafiti Linganishi wa Wasifu
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990s–2000s (cross-case biographical designs consolidated in qualitative methodology literature)	1970s–1980s
Mwanzilishi	Synthesised from Robert K. Yin (multiple case logic) and biographical research traditions (Roberts, Chamberlayne, Bornat)	Daniel Bertaux; Paul Thompson
Aina	Qualitative research design	Qualitative comparative research design
Chanzo asilia	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Bertaux, D. (Ed.). (1981). Biography and Society: The Life History Approach in the Social Sciences. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803914025
Majina mbadala	multi-case biographical study, cross-case biography, comparative biographical case study, multiple biographical case analysis	comparative biography, cross-case biographical analysis, biographical comparative method, comparative life-story research
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	Multiple case-based biographical research combines the cross-case replication logic of multiple case study design with the in-depth life-history orientation of biographical research. Each individual biography is treated as a bounded case, examined first on its own terms, and then analysed comparatively across cases to identify patterns, contrasts, and transferable insights about how lives are shaped by social, historical, and structural forces.	Comparative biographical research is a qualitative design that gathers in-depth life-story accounts from multiple participants and systematically compares them to identify structural patterns, commonalities, and divergences across individual biographies. Rooted in the sociological life-history tradition, it moves beyond single-case description to generate broader theoretical insights about how social conditions, historical contexts, and personal agency shape individual trajectories.