Linganisha mbinu

	Uchanganuzi wa Mihadhara ya Multimodal	Uchanganuzi wa Lugha wa Ki-Ethnografi (Linguistic Ethnography)
Nyanja	Isimu	Isimu
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1996	1998
Mwanzilishi	Gunther Kress and Theo Van Leeuwen	Ben Rampton
Aina	Empirical process pipeline	Empirical process pipeline
Chanzo asilia	Kress, G., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.	Rampton, B. (2007). Neo-Hymesian linguistic ethnography in the United Kingdom. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 11(5), 584-607.
Majina mbadala	Multimodal Analysis, Semiotic Analysis	Ethnographic Linguistics, Sociolinguistic Ethnography
Zinazohusiana	2	2
Muhtasari	Multimodal Discourse Analysis is a method for examining how meaning is created through the integration of multiple modes of communication: language, image, sound, gesture, and spatial arrangement. Developed by Gunther Kress, Theo Van Leeuwen, and others, this approach recognizes that in contemporary communication—from videos to websites to classrooms—meaning is rarely conveyed by language alone. By analyzing how text, visuals, sound, and other modes work together, multimodal analysis reveals how complex meanings are constructed.	Linguistic Ethnography is a qualitative research approach combining ethnographic fieldwork with detailed linguistic analysis to understand language use in cultural context. Developed by researchers like Ben Rampton, it examines how people use language within communities, institutions, and social interactions while paying attention to identity, power, and meaning-making. This method integrates sociolinguistics, anthropology, and discourse analysis to produce rich, contextualized understandings of language-in-society.