Linganisha mbinu

	Multimodal Content Analysis	Visual Framing Analysis
Nyanja	Communication	Communication
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2006	2011
Mwanzilishi	Multimodality theory (Kress & van Leeuwen)	Visual framing scholarship (Rodriguez & Dimitrova; Messaris & Abraham)
Aina	Analysis of meaning across multiple modes (text, image, sound, layout)	Analysis of how images frame issues through selection and emphasis
Chanzo asilia	Kress, G., & van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN: 9780415319157	Rodriguez, L., & Dimitrova, D. V. (2011). The levels of visual framing. Journal of Visual Literacy, 30(1), 48–65.
Majina mbadala	Multimodal analysis, Multimodal discourse analysis (content), Text-image-sound content analysis, Çok Kipli İçerik Analizi	Visual frame analysis, Image framing analysis, Levels of visual framing, Görsel Çerçeveleme Analizi
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Multimodal content analysis studies how communication makes meaning through the combination of several modes at once — written and spoken language, images, layout, color, gesture, music, and sound. Grounded in the social-semiotic theory of Kress and van Leeuwen, it analyzes each mode by its own meaning-making resources and, crucially, how the modes work together, since modern media messages are rarely text alone.	Visual framing analysis examines how images — photographs, video stills, infographics — frame an issue by selecting and emphasizing certain aspects of reality, just as verbal frames do. Building on framing theory and the multi-level model articulated by Rodriguez and Dimitrova, it interprets visuals across levels from what is literally depicted to the ideological meanings they carry, recognizing that images frame powerfully and often covertly.