Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Uthibitisho wa Usawa wa Ngazi Nyingi× | Uthibitisho wa Utengano× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Saikometriki | Saikometriki |
| Familia | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 2005 | 1959 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Dyer, Hanges & Hall; Chen, Bliese & Mathieu | Donald T. Campbell and Donald W. Fiske |
| Aina≠ | Measurement validity evaluation | Validity evidence / psychometric evaluation |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Dyer, N. G., Hanges, P. J. & Hall, R. J. (2005). Applying multilevel confirmatory factor analysis techniques to the study of leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 16(1), 149–167. DOI ↗ | Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56(2), 81–105. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala≠ | cross-level convergent validity, multilevel measurement validity, between-level convergent validity | discriminant validity evidence, divergent validity, DV, AVE-based discriminant validity |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 4 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Multilevel convergent validity evaluates whether items or scales intended to measure the same construct show coherent, strong associations at each level of a nested data structure — within individuals, within groups, and between groups. It extends classical convergent validity from single-level measurement models into the multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA) framework. | Discriminant validity is evidence that a latent construct is empirically distinct from other constructs it should differ from. Originating in Campbell and Fiske's multitrait-multimethod framework (1959), it is a core component of construct validity and a mandatory check in scale development and structural equation modeling. |
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