Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Uchanganuzi wa Kiwango-Nyingi wa Uhakiki wa Kipengele (MCFA)× | Uchanganuzi wa Kimfumo wa Uhakiki (CFA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Saikometriki | Saikometriki |
| Familia | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1994 | 1969 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Bengt O. Muthen | Karl Gustav Jöreskog |
| Aina≠ | Latent variable model / measurement model | Hypothesis-testing latent variable model |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Muthen, B. O. (1994). Multilevel covariance structure analysis. Sociological Methods & Research, 22(3), 376–398. DOI ↗ | Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | MCFA, multilevel measurement model, two-level CFA, hierarchical CFA | CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 6 | 4 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis tests a pre-specified factor structure while simultaneously accounting for the non-independence of observations caused by clustered data. It decomposes item variance into within-group and between-group components, fitting a separate measurement model at each level, making it the standard tool for validating psychometric scales administered within natural groups such as classrooms, clinics, or organisations. | Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing. |
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