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| Muundo wa Kesi-Msalaba wa Vituo Vingi× | Muundo wa Kesi-Msalaba× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Epidemiolojia | Epidemiolojia |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1991 (core design); multicenter extensions 1990s–2000s | 1991 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Malcolm Maclure (single-center design, 1991); multicenter applications developed through 1990s–2000s environmental and pharmacoepidemiology literature | Malcolm Maclure |
| Aina≠ | Observational epidemiological design | Observational epidemiological study design |
| Chanzo asilia | Maclure, M. (1991). The case-crossover design: A method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. American Journal of Epidemiology, 133(2), 144–153. DOI ↗ | Maclure, M. (1991). The case-crossover design: A method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. American Journal of Epidemiology, 133(2), 144–153. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | multi-site case-crossover study, multicenter self-matched crossover, multi-center transient exposure study, MCCO study | case-crossover study, CCO design, self-matched case study, within-person crossover case study |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 4 | 3 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The multicenter case-crossover design is an observational epidemiological method that investigates whether brief, transient exposures trigger acute health events by comparing each case's exposure just before the event to their own exposure during matched control periods — with data collected from two or more independent clinical or geographic sites to increase power, external validity, and the ability to detect site-level effect modification. | The case-crossover design is an observational epidemiological method that estimates whether a transient exposure triggers an acute event by comparing each case's exposure during a brief hazard window immediately before the event to their own exposure during earlier control periods. Because each person serves as their own control, all stable personal characteristics are automatically adjusted for, making the design especially powerful for studying intermittent exposures and sudden-onset outcomes such as myocardial infarction, stroke, or injury. |
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