Linganisha mbinu

	Mahojiano ya nusu-structured kutoka vyanzo vingi	Utafiti wa Kikundi cha Lengo
Nyanja	Metodolojia ya Dodoso	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1980s–2000s (multi-source data strategies in qualitative inquiry)	1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s
Mwanzilishi	Established practice in qualitative and mixed-methods research; systematized by Patton (2002) and Bryman (2016)	Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger
Aina	Qualitative data collection technique	Qualitative data collection method
Chanzo asilia	Bryman, A. (2016). Social Research Methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0198745754	Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244
Majina mbadala	multi-informant semi-structured interview, multi-perspective semi-structured interview, multi-source qualitative interview, triangulated semi-structured interview	focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması
Zinazohusiana	5	6
Muhtasari	A multi-source semi-structured interview strategy collects qualitative data via guided, open-ended interviews from two or more distinct groups or perspectives relevant to the same phenomenon. By deliberately querying multiple vantage points — such as managers and employees, patients and clinicians, or teachers and students — the researcher can compare, contrast, and triangulate accounts, producing a richer and more balanced picture than any single-source approach allows.	Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting.