Linganisha mbinu

	Uchaguzi wa Kawaida wa Ngazi Nyingi	Uchambuzi wa Kesi wa Kawaida
Nyanja	Metodolojia ya Dodoso	Metodolojia ya Dodoso
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990s–2000s	1980s (systematized in Patton 1990/2002)
Mwanzilishi	Draws on Patton (typical case sampling) and multilevel research traditions (Hox, Raudenbush)	Michael Quinn Patton
Aina	Purposive sampling strategy	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
Chanzo asilia	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711
Majina mbadala	multilevel typical case selection, hierarchical typical case sampling, nested typical case sampling	typical case selection, modal case sampling, representative case sampling, average case sampling
Zinazohusiana	6	5
Muhtasari	Multi-level typical case sampling is a purposive strategy that selects representative, average-profile units at each level of a hierarchical structure — for example, typical classrooms within typical schools, or typical employees within typical departments. It is used when the research goal is to describe or illustrate the ordinary functioning of a nested phenomenon rather than to capture its extremes or full variation.	Typical case sampling is a purposive strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects cases that represent what is ordinary, normal, or most common within a target group. Rather than seeking outliers or the widest possible variation, the goal is to illustrate and communicate what a typical experience, program, or phenomenon looks like to stakeholders or audiences unfamiliar with it. The strategy is widely used in qualitative evaluation research and program reporting.