Linganisha mbinu

	Uchaguzi wa Kawaida wa Ngazi Nyingi	Uchaguzi Makusudi
Nyanja	Metodolojia ya Dodoso	Metodolojia ya Dodoso
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990s–2000s	Formalized ~1980–1990
Mwanzilishi	Draws on Patton (typical case sampling) and multilevel research traditions (Hox, Raudenbush)	Michael Quinn Patton (systematic articulation); roots in early qualitative inquiry
Aina	Purposive sampling strategy	Non-probability sampling strategy
Chanzo asilia	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0803937796
Majina mbadala	multilevel typical case selection, hierarchical typical case sampling, nested typical case sampling	judgmental sampling, selective sampling, criterion-based sampling, purposeful sampling
Zinazohusiana	6	4
Muhtasari	Multi-level typical case sampling is a purposive strategy that selects representative, average-profile units at each level of a hierarchical structure — for example, typical classrooms within typical schools, or typical employees within typical departments. It is used when the research goal is to describe or illustrate the ordinary functioning of a nested phenomenon rather than to capture its extremes or full variation.	Purposive sampling is a non-probability strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects participants, documents, or cases that are information-rich with respect to the research question. Rather than drawing units at random, the researcher applies explicit criteria aligned with the study's purpose, maximising the depth and relevance of the data collected. It is the default sampling logic in most qualitative research designs and is also used in mixed-methods and applied evaluative work.