Linganisha mbinu

	Uchaguzi wa Kawaida wa Ngazi Nyingi	Uchaguzi Wenye Kusudi wa Ngazi Nyingi
Nyanja	Metodolojia ya Dodoso	Metodolojia ya Dodoso
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990s–2000s	1980s–1990s
Mwanzilishi	Draws on Patton (typical case sampling) and multilevel research traditions (Hox, Raudenbush)	Derived from Patton's purposive sampling framework; formalized in multi-site qualitative and mixed-methods research
Aina	Purposive sampling strategy	Non-probability sampling strategy
Chanzo asilia	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761919711
Majina mbadala	multilevel typical case selection, hierarchical typical case sampling, nested typical case sampling	hierarchical purposive sampling, nested purposive sampling, multi-tier purposive sampling, multi-site purposive sampling
Zinazohusiana	6	5
Muhtasari	Multi-level typical case sampling is a purposive strategy that selects representative, average-profile units at each level of a hierarchical structure — for example, typical classrooms within typical schools, or typical employees within typical departments. It is used when the research goal is to describe or illustrate the ordinary functioning of a nested phenomenon rather than to capture its extremes or full variation.	Multi-level purposive sampling applies purposive selection criteria at two or more nested levels of a research hierarchy — for instance, first selecting sites or organizations, then selecting participants within each site. This layered approach allows researchers to align the theoretical logic of purposive sampling with the real-world structure of complex, hierarchical populations, making it especially valuable in multi-site qualitative studies and mixed-methods research.