Linganisha mbinu

	Uchaguzi wa Kawaida wa Ngazi Nyingi	Uchanganuzi wa Kiwango cha Juu cha Utatanishi
Nyanja	Metodolojia ya Dodoso	Metodolojia ya Dodoso
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990s–2000s	1985 (Lincoln & Guba); elaborated 1990–2002 (Patton)
Mwanzilishi	Draws on Patton (typical case sampling) and multilevel research traditions (Hox, Raudenbush)	Lincoln & Guba; systematised by Michael Quinn Patton
Aina	Purposive sampling strategy	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
Chanzo asilia	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. Chapter 5: Purposeful Sampling. ISBN: 978-0761919711
Majina mbadala	multilevel typical case selection, hierarchical typical case sampling, nested typical case sampling	maximum variation sampling, maximum diversity sampling, MVS, heterogeneous sampling
Zinazohusiana	6	5
Muhtasari	Multi-level typical case sampling is a purposive strategy that selects representative, average-profile units at each level of a hierarchical structure — for example, typical classrooms within typical schools, or typical employees within typical departments. It is used when the research goal is to describe or illustrate the ordinary functioning of a nested phenomenon rather than to capture its extremes or full variation.	Maximum variation sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects cases that span the widest possible range of variation on dimensions central to the study. The goal is not statistical representation but the identification of common patterns that cut across diverse cases as well as the documentation of the unique ways each context shapes the phenomenon under investigation.