Linganisha mbinu

	Sampuli Iliyowekwa Ngazi-Nyingi	Sampuli ya Nguzo za Ngazi Nyingi
Nyanja	Metodolojia ya Dodoso	Metodolojia ya Dodoso
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1950s–1970s	1950s-1970s (cluster sampling); multilevel extension formalized 1980s-1990s
Mwanzilishi	Formalized by Leslie Kish and William G. Cochran in the mid-20th century survey sampling literature	W. G. Cochran (cluster sampling foundations); extended into multilevel contexts by survey methodologists
Aina	Probability sampling design	Probability sampling design
Chanzo asilia	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471162407
Majina mbadala	hierarchical stratified sampling, nested stratified sampling, multilevel stratified design, stratified multilevel sampling	hierarchical cluster sampling, nested cluster sampling, multi-stage cluster sampling, clustered multilevel sampling
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	Multi-level stratified sampling applies stratification at two or more hierarchical levels of a nested population structure — for example, first stratifying geographic regions, then stratifying schools within each region, then stratifying classrooms within each school. This layered control over the composition of the sample at every level reduces variance and supports analysis at each level of the hierarchy, making it a powerful design for large-scale educational, epidemiological, and organizational surveys.	Multi-level cluster sampling is a probability sampling design for hierarchically structured populations — such as students nested within classrooms within schools within districts. Clusters are randomly selected at each level of the hierarchy before individual units are sampled within the final-level clusters. The design mirrors the natural nesting of real-world populations and enables efficient large-scale data collection while supporting multilevel statistical analysis.