Linganisha mbinu

	Uteuzi wa Tofauti Upeo wa Ngazi Nyingi	Uchanganuzi wa Kiwango cha Juu cha Utatanishi
Nyanja	Metodolojia ya Dodoso	Metodolojia ya Dodoso
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990s–2000s	1985 (Lincoln & Guba); elaborated 1990–2002 (Patton)
Mwanzilishi	Synthesized from Patton's maximum variation sampling (1990) and multi-level survey design traditions	Lincoln & Guba; systematised by Michael Quinn Patton
Aina	Purposive qualitative/mixed-methods sampling design	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
Chanzo asilia	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. [Chapter 5: Maximum variation sampling and purposeful sampling strategies] ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. Chapter 5: Purposeful Sampling. ISBN: 978-0761919711
Majina mbadala	hierarchical maximum variation sampling, nested maximum diversity sampling, multi-tier purposive variation sampling, MLMVS	maximum variation sampling, maximum diversity sampling, MVS, heterogeneous sampling
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	Multi-level maximum variation sampling is a purposive strategy that deliberately selects cases at two or more nested organizational levels — such as schools within districts, or patients within clinics — while maximizing heterogeneity on key dimensions at each level. The aim is to capture the full range of variation within a hierarchically structured population so that patterns common across diverse contexts can be identified and context-specific differences can be documented with credibility.	Maximum variation sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects cases that span the widest possible range of variation on dimensions central to the study. The goal is not statistical representation but the identification of common patterns that cut across diverse cases as well as the documentation of the unique ways each context shapes the phenomenon under investigation.