Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Uchanganuzi wa Faktori Elekezi wa Vikundi (MGEFA)× | Nadharia ya Itikio la Kipengee (IRT)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Saikometriki | Saikometriki |
| Familia | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1981 | 1952–1968 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Muthén & Christoffersson | Frederic M. Lord (and Allan Birnbaum for the 2PL/3PL models) |
| Aina≠ | Latent variable / multi-group dimension reduction | Probabilistic measurement model |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Muthén, B. & Christoffersson, A. (1981). Simultaneous factor analysis of dichotomous variables in several groups. Psychometrika, 46(4), 407–419. DOI ↗ | Lord, F. M. & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Addison-Wesley. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | MGEFA, multi-sample exploratory factor analysis, simultaneous EFA across groups, exploratory factor analysis with multiple groups | IRT, latent trait theory, item characteristic curve theory, modern test theory |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 6 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Multi-group exploratory factor analysis estimates the latent factor structure of a set of items separately within each of two or more groups and then examines whether the discovered structures are consistent across groups. It is used to explore dimensionality before imposing invariance constraints, and to diagnose group-specific factor patterns that would invalidate cross-group comparisons. | Item response theory models the probability that a respondent answers an item correctly (or endorses it) as a function of the respondent's latent trait level and the item's own statistical properties — difficulty, discrimination, and guessing. Unlike classical test theory, IRT places persons and items on the same scale, yielding measurement that is sample-independent for items and test-independent for persons. |
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