Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Ushiriki wa Afya ya Simu	Kiwango cha Ushiriki wa Mgonjwa
Nyanja	Informatiki ya Afya	Informatiki ya Afya
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2017	2004
Mwanzilishi	Oliver Perski, Anna Blandford, Robert West, Susan Michie	Judith H. Hibbard, Janice Stockard, Ellen R. Mahoney, Martin Tusler
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Perski, O., Blandford, A., West, R., & Michie, S. (2017). Conceptualising engagement with digital behaviour change interventions: a systematic review, meta-analysis and integrated framework. European Health Psychologist, 19(2), 519–552.	Hibbard, J. H., Stockard, J., Mahoney, E. R., & Tusler, M. (2004). Development of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM): Conceptualizing and measuring activation in patients and consumers. Health Services Research, 39(4), 1005–1026.
Majina mbadala	mHealth Engagement, Mobile Health Engagement	PES, Patient Engagement
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The Mobile Health Engagement Scale measures the extent to which individuals engage with mobile health applications and digital behaviour change interventions. Developed through systematic review and meta-analysis by Perski and colleagues (2017), it captures both behavioural and psychological dimensions of engagement—frequency of use, depth of interaction, and subjective satisfaction—essential for understanding the effectiveness of mHealth interventions in real-world settings.	The Patient Engagement Scale measures the degree to which patients take active responsibility for managing their health and healthcare. Developed by Hibbard and colleagues (2004), the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) operationalizes engagement as a progression from awareness of health issues through confident self-management, capturing the psychological, behavioural, and confidence dimensions essential for patient participation in shared decision-making and chronic disease management.