Linganisha mbinu

	Vidokezo vya Uga vya Simu	Maelezo ya Shambani
Nyanja	Metodolojia ya Dodoso	Metodolojia ya Dodoso
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2000s–2010s (digital turn in ethnography)	Late 19th century (formalized in 20th century)
Mwanzilishi	Emergent from digital ethnography practice; theorised notably by Sarah Pink and colleagues	Rooted in 19th-century anthropology and sociology; systematized by ethnographers such as Bronislaw Malinowski and later Robert Emerson et al.
Aina	Qualitative data collection technique	Qualitative data collection and recording technique
Chanzo asilia	Pink, S., Horst, H., Postill, J., Hjorth, L., Lewis, T., & Tacchi, J. (2016). Digital Ethnography: Principles and Practice. Sage. ISBN: 978-1446287972	Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (1995). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226206813
Majina mbadala	digital field notes, smartphone field notes, mobile ethnographic notes, in-situ digital notes	fieldnotes, observational notes, ethnographic notes, jottings
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	Mobile Field Notes is a data collection technique in which researchers use smartphones, tablets, or wearable devices to record observations, reflections, photographs, audio, or video in real time during fieldwork. By capturing data at the moment and place of occurrence, the method reduces recall bias and enables richer, contextually anchored documentation compared with traditional pen-and-paper notes written retrospectively.	Field notes are detailed written records created by researchers during or immediately after direct observation in a naturalistic setting. They capture what is seen, heard, and experienced — including behaviors, interactions, physical environments, and the researcher's own analytic impressions — forming the primary data source for ethnographic and observational studies.