Linganisha mbinu

	Kuangalia Wanachama na Uhakiki wa Washiriki	Reflexivity in Qualitative Research
Nyanja	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1985	1990
Mwanzilishi	Yvonna Lincoln and Egon Guba	Anthony Giddens and Pierre Bourdieu
Aina	Method	Concept
Chanzo asilia	Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-0803924314	Finlay, L. (2002). Outing the researcher: The provenance, process, and practice of reflexivity. Qualitative Health Research, 12(4), 531-545.
Majina mbadala	member validation, respondent validation, participant feedback, credibility check	reflexive practice, researcher reflexivity, positionality, reflective practice
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Member checking is a quality assurance procedure in qualitative research in which the researcher shares preliminary findings, interpretations, or analytical themes with research participants and asks whether the findings accurately reflect their perspectives and experiences. Developed by Lincoln and Guba (1985) as a trustworthiness criterion, member checking is considered a key method for ensuring credibility and reducing researcher misinterpretation. The goal is to verify that the researcher has understood participants correctly and that interpretations are grounded in participants' actual meaning-making, not the researcher's assumptions. Member checking can occur at different points in research (after individual interviews, after initial analysis, or after draft findings are written) and take different forms (individual feedback, group validation, interactive discussion).	Reflexivity is the practice of examining how the researcher's identity, assumptions, relationships, and values influence the research process and findings. Rather than treating objectivity as achievable detachment, reflexivity acknowledges that the researcher is embedded within the research and cannot be fully separated from it. Originating in sociology and anthropology, reflexivity has become central to qualitative research rigor across disciplines. Reflexive researchers critically examine their own influence at each stage: research design, participant recruitment, data collection, interpretation, and presentation. This transparency strengthens rigor by making visible the lens through which data are collected and interpreted.