Linganisha mbinu

	Kosa la Wastani Lililopigwa Mraba (MSE)	R-squared (R²)
Nyanja	Tathmini ya Modeli	Tathmini ya Modeli
Familia	MCDM	MCDM
Mwaka wa asili	1809	1896
Mwanzilishi	Carl Friedrich Gauss	Karl Pearson
Aina	Squared-error loss function	Goodness-of-fit metric
Chanzo asilia	Gauss, C. F. (1809). Theoria Motus Corporum Coelestium in Sectionibus Conicis Solem Ambientium. Hamburg: Perthes and Besser.	Pearson, K. (1896). Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 187, 253-318.
Majina mbadala	MSE, L2 error, quadratic error	R², coefficient of determination, r2 score
Zinazohusiana	4	5
Muhtasari	Mean Squared Error is the foundational loss function for regression models, measuring the average squared deviation between predictions and observations. Originating from Gauss and Legendre's method of least squares (1805-1809), MSE is the basis for ordinary least squares regression and remains central to modern machine learning optimization.	The coefficient of determination, denoted R², measures the proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by the independent variables in a regression model. Introduced by Karl Pearson in the late 19th century, R² is one of the most widely used metrics for assessing how well a model fits observed data.