Linganisha mbinu

	Uthibitisho wa Kiwango cha Juu Zaidi	Algoriti ya Taratibu za Matarajio-Uboreshaji (EM)
Nyanja	Takwimu	Takwimu
Familia	Regression model	Machine learning
Mwaka wa asili	1922	1977
Mwanzilishi	R. A. Fisher	Dempster, Laird & Rubin
Aina	Parametric point estimator	Iterative optimization algorithm
Chanzo asilia	Fisher, R. A. (1922). On the mathematical foundations of theoretical statistics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 222, 309–368.	Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M., & Rubin, D. B. (1977). Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 39(1), 1–38.
Majina mbadala	MLE, maximum-likelihood estimator, ML estimation, Fisher's method of maximum likelihood	EM, Expectation-Maximization, Maximum Likelihood via Incomplete Data, BM Algoritması
Zinazohusiana	4	2
Muhtasari	Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is a general-purpose parametric method for estimating the unknown parameters of a statistical model by finding the parameter values that make the observed data most probable. Formalized by R. A. Fisher in his landmark 1922 paper in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, MLE has become the dominant parameter-estimation paradigm in modern statistics and is the foundational engine behind logistic regression, generalized linear models, structural equation modeling, and virtually all parametric inference procedures.	The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative optimization procedure for finding maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori estimates of parameters in statistical models with latent variables or missing data. Introduced by Dempster, Laird, and Rubin in their landmark 1977 paper, EM alternates between computing the expected complete-data log-likelihood (E-step) and maximizing it with respect to the parameters (M-step), guaranteeing monotone non-decreasing likelihood at each iteration.