Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti Ulinganifu wa Kesi na Kidhibiti	Muundo wa Kesi-Msalaba
Nyanja	Epidemiolojia	Epidemiolojia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1950s–1970s	1991
Mwanzilishi	Brian MacMahon and others; systematised by Schlesselman (1982)	Malcolm Maclure
Aina	Observational analytic design	Observational epidemiological study design
Chanzo asilia	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755474	Maclure, M. (1991). The case-crossover design: A method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. American Journal of Epidemiology, 133(2), 144–153.
Majina mbadala	matched case-referent study, individually matched case-control, pair-matched case-control, matched case-control design	case-crossover study, CCO design, self-matched case study, within-person crossover case study
Zinazohusiana	5	3
Muhtasari	A matched case-control study is an observational epidemiological design in which each case (a person with the disease or outcome of interest) is paired with one or more controls (persons without the outcome) who share one or more characteristics — such as age, sex, or clinical setting — to control confounding. Exposure history is then compared between cases and their matched controls to estimate the odds ratio of the exposure-disease association.	The case-crossover design is an observational epidemiological method that estimates whether a transient exposure triggers an acute event by comparing each case's exposure during a brief hazard window immediately before the event to their own exposure during earlier control periods. Because each person serves as their own control, all stable personal characteristics are automatically adjusted for, making the design especially powerful for studying intermittent exposures and sudden-onset outcomes such as myocardial infarction, stroke, or injury.