Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Upimaji wa Misuli kwa Mikono× | Upimaji wa Kiwango cha Mwendo kwa kutumia Goniometa× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Tiba ya Viungo | Tiba ya Viungo |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1940s | 1960s |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Lucille Daniels and Catharine Worthingham | Physical therapy profession |
| Aina≠ | Clinical examination technique | Measurement technique |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Kendall, F. P., McCreary, E. K., Provance, P. G., Rodgers, M. M., & Romani, W. A. (2005). Muscles: Testing and function with posture and pain (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. link ↗ | Norkin, C. C., & White, D. J. (2009). Measurement of joint motion: A guide to goniometry (4th ed.). F.A. Davis Company. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | MMT, Muscle strength assessment | ROM assessment, Goniometric measurement |
| Zinazohusiana | 3 | 3 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Manual muscle testing (MMT) is a clinical examination technique that quantifies muscle strength by applying manual resistance to isometric contractions and grading the result on a standardized scale (typically 0-5). Developed by Daniels and Worthingham in the 1940s, MMT remains the primary bedside method for assessing muscle weakness in neuromuscular and neurological disorders, establishing rehabilitation baselines, and monitoring treatment effectiveness. | Goniometry is the standardized clinical measurement of joint angles using a goniometer (angle-measuring instrument) to quantify range of motion in degrees. Developed from orthopedic assessment traditions, goniometric measurement is a fundamental skill in physical therapy, occupational therapy, and orthopedic medicine for baseline assessment, monitoring progression, and documenting rehabilitation outcomes. |
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