Linganisha mbinu

	Chombo cha Kuchunguza Utapiamlo (MST)	Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
Nyanja	Uuguzi	Uuguzi
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1999	1963
Mwanzilishi	Michelle Ferguson	Sidney Katz
Aina	Patient self-report screening tool	Clinician-rated or observational functional assessment
Chanzo asilia	Ferguson, M., Capra, S., Bauer, J., & Banks, M. (1999). Development of a valid and reliable malnutrition screening tool for adult acute hospital patients. Nutrition, 15(6), 458-464.	Katz, S., Ford, A. B., Moskowitz, R. W., Jackson, B. A., & Jaffe, M. W. (1963). Studies of Illness in the Aged: The Index of ADL, a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA, 185(12), 914-919.
Majina mbadala	MST, Malnutrition Screening, Nutritional Risk Screen	Katz Index, Katz ADL Scale, Index of ADL
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), developed by Michelle Ferguson and colleagues in 1999, is a brief, validated screening instrument designed to identify hospitalized patients at risk for malnutrition. The tool consists of two simple questions about recent unintentional weight loss and reduced food intake, yielding a quick numerical score. Since its publication, the MST has become widely adopted in acute hospitals, residential aged care facilities, and community settings as a rapid, reliable first-line screen for nutritional risk.	The Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, developed by Sidney Katz and colleagues in 1963, is one of the earliest and most widely used tools for assessing functional status in older adults and persons with chronic illness. The scale evaluates six essential self-care activities (bathing, dressing, toileting, transfer, continence, feeding) through direct observation or interview and assigns an overall grade (A through G) reflecting the degree of independence. It remains a foundational instrument in geriatric assessment, rehabilitation medicine, and long-term care settings.