Linganisha mbinu

	MALDI-TOF	Upimaji wa Misa wa Mfumo wa Kugeuza Mvutano wa Mvutano wa Mvutano (FT-ICR)	Resonasi Plazmon Permukaan
Nyanja	Spektroskopia	Spektroskopia	Spektroskopia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1988	1974	1971
Mwanzilishi	Michael Karas	Alan Marshall	Erich Kretschmann
Aina	Ionization and mass analysis technique	Mass spectrometry technique	Optical technique
Chanzo asilia	Karas, M., & Hillenkamp, F. (1988). Laser desorption ionization of proteins with molecular masses exceeding 10,000 daltons. Analytical Chemistry, 60(20), 2299-2301.	Comisarow, M. B., & Marshall, A. G. (1974). Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy. Chemical Physics Letters, 25(2), 282-283.	Kretschmann, E. (1971). Determination of optical constants of metals by excitation of surface plasmons. Zeitschrift für Physik, 241(4), 313-324.
Majina mbadala	MALDI mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF-MS, laser desorption mass spectrometry	FT-ICR-MS, Fourier Transform ICR, ICR mass spectrometry	SPR, surface plasmon, SPR biosensing
Zinazohusiana	3	4	3
Muhtasari	Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) combined with Time-of-Flight (TOF) mass analysis, or MALDI-TOF, is a soft ionization mass spectrometry technique that gently ionizes intact biomolecules and volatile organic compounds, then measures their mass-to-charge ratio by measuring flight time through a field-free drift region. Introduced independently by Karas, Hillenkamp, and Tanaka in 1988, MALDI-TOF revolutionized proteomics, microbiology, and organic analysis by enabling mass determination of proteins and polymers exceeding 100 kDa.	Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry is an advanced analytical technique that combines magnetic confinement of ions with Fourier transform data processing to achieve exceptional mass accuracy and resolution. Developed by Comisarow and Marshall in 1974, FT-ICR-MS enables the determination of exact masses and elemental compositions of complex molecules, making it invaluable for environmental chemistry, metabolomics, petroleum characterization, and structural elucidation of unknowns.	Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is a real-time, label-free technique for detecting and monitoring biomolecular interactions at a sensor surface by measuring changes in the refractive index caused by ligand binding. Developed by Kretschmann in 1971 and applied to biosensing by Liedberg, Nylander, and Lundström in 1983, SPR is now a gold standard for measuring binding kinetics (association and dissociation rates) and equilibrium binding constants in protein interactions, antibody-antigen recognition, and drug discovery.