Linganisha mbinu

	Umbali Imara wa Mahalanobis	Boxplot Iliyorekebishwa kwa Usambazaji Wenye Upotofu	Uthabiti wa Kiwango cha Thamani ya Kati ya Upotofu kamili (MAD)
Nyanja	Takwimu	Takwimu	Takwimu
Familia	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1990	2008	1974
Mwanzilishi	Rousseeuw & Van Zomeren (robust distance); Filzmoser, Garrett & Reimann (multivariate outlier detection)	Hubert & Vandervieren	Hampel (influence-curve treatment); classical robust statistics
Aina	Robust multivariate outlier detection	Robust outlier detection / descriptive visualization	Robust scale estimator
Chanzo asilia	Rousseeuw, P. J. & Van Zomeren, B. C. (1990). Unmasking Multivariate Outliers and Leverage Points. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 85(411), 633-639.	Hubert, M. & Vandervieren, E. (2008). An Adjusted Boxplot for Skewed Distributions. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 52(12), 5186-5201.	Hampel, F. R. (1974). The Influence Curve and Its Role in Robust Estimation. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69(346), 383-393.
Majina mbadala	MCD Mahalanobis distance, robust mahalanobis, minimum covariance determinant distance, Robust Mahalanobis Uzaklığı	adjusted box plot, medcouple boxplot, skewness-adjusted boxplot, Düzeltilmiş Kutu Grafiği (Adjusted Boxplot)	median absolute deviation, MAD scale estimator, robust scale estimation, Medyan Mutlak Sapma (MAD) Tahmini
Zinazohusiana	5	5	5
Muhtasari	Robust Mahalanobis Distance flags multivariate outliers by measuring how far each observation lies from the centre of the data using a robust covariance estimate. It builds on the robust-distance framework of Rousseeuw and Van Zomeren (1990) and the multivariate outlier-detection approach of Filzmoser, Garrett and Reimann (2005), replacing the classical mean and covariance with the Minimum Covariance Determinant (MCD) estimate so that the outliers themselves do not distort the distance.	The Adjusted Boxplot is a robust descriptive tool introduced by Hubert and Vandervieren (2008) that corrects the classical IQR-based boxplot for skewness using the medcouple statistic, reducing the false labelling of outliers in asymmetric data.	Median Absolute Deviation estimation is a robust measure of statistical dispersion that replaces the standard deviation when outliers are present. Rooted in the influence-curve framework formalised by Hampel (1974), it summarises the spread of a continuous variable using medians instead of means, so a single extreme value cannot distort the result.