Linganisha mbinu

	Ulinganifu wa Alama ya Mwelekeo Ulioimarishwa na Mashine (ML-PSM)	Ulinganifu kamili wa kukokotoa (CEM)
Nyanja	Uhitimisho wa Kisababishi	Uhitimisho wa Kisababishi
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	2004	2011-2012
Mwanzilishi	McCaffrey, Ridgeway & Morral (2004); Westreich, Lessler & Funk (2010)	Iacus, King, & Porro
Aina	Causal inference / matching	Matching / causal inference
Chanzo asilia	McCaffrey, D. F., Ridgeway, G., & Morral, A. R. (2004). Propensity score estimation with boosted regression for evaluating causal effects in observational studies. Psychological Methods, 9(4), 403-425.	Iacus, S. M., King, G., & Porro, G. (2012). Causal Inference without Balance Checking: Coarsened Exact Matching. Political Analysis, 20(1), 1-24.
Majina mbadala	ML-PSM, boosted propensity score matching, ML-augmented PSM, nonparametric propensity score matching	CEM, coarsened matching, monotonic imbalance bounding matching
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	Machine learning-augmented propensity score matching (ML-PSM) replaces the traditional logistic regression used to estimate propensity scores with flexible machine learning algorithms — such as gradient boosted trees, random forests, or LASSO — to better capture complex, nonlinear relationships among covariates. The resulting richer propensity scores improve covariate balance and reduce bias in the estimated average treatment effect on the treated (ATT).	Coarsened Exact Matching is a preprocessing method that achieves covariate balance by temporarily coarsening continuous variables into bins, exactly matching treated and control units within those bins, and then discarding all unmatched units. Introduced by Iacus, King, and Porro (2011, 2012), it bounds imbalance on each covariate independently, yielding a matched sample on which any estimator can be applied without relying on a propensity score model.