Linganisha mbinu

	M-wa pembejeo (Kurekebisha kwa Nguvu)	Urejeshaji wa Njia ya Viwango Vidogo vya Kawaida (OLS)	Regression ya Kiasi (Quantile Regression)
Nyanja	Takwimu	Ekonometriki	Ekonometriki
Familia	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	2009	2019	1978
Mwanzilishi	Peter J. Huber	Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares	Koenker & Bassett
Aina	Robust linear regression	Linear regression	Conditional quantile regression
Chanzo asilia	Huber, P. J., & Ronchetti, E. M. (2009). Robust Statistics (2nd ed.). Wiley.	Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860	Koenker, R. & Bassett, G., Jr. (1978). Regression Quantiles. Econometrica, 46(1), 33-50.
Majina mbadala	m-estimation, huber regression, robust m-regression, M-Tahmin Ediciler	ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu	conditional quantile regression, regression quantiles, Kantil Regresyon
Zinazohusiana	5	5	5
Muhtasari	M-estimators are a robust generalisation of maximum likelihood estimation, formalised in the work of Peter J. Huber (Huber & Ronchetti, 2009). Instead of squaring every residual, they apply a bounded loss function so that large residuals from outliers are down-weighted rather than allowed to dominate the fit.	Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE).	Quantile regression models conditional quantiles of an outcome - the median, the 25th or 75th percentile, and so on - rather than the conditional mean that OLS targets. Introduced by Koenker and Bassett in 1978, it reveals how predictors act across the whole distribution, including its tails.