Linganisha mbinu

	Mahojiano yaliyopangwa kwa muda mrefu	Mahojiano yaliyopangwa
Nyanja	Metodolojia ya Dodoso	Metodolojia ya Dodoso
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1970s–present	1940s–1950s
Mwanzilishi	Established practice in panel and cohort research; codified in survey methodology literature from the 1970s onward	Survey research tradition; formalized by Campbell, Katona, and Kahn in mid-20th century
Aina	Longitudinal quantitative data collection method	Quantitative / mixed data collection technique
Chanzo asilia	Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922452	Fontana, A., & Frey, J. H. (2000). The interview: From structured questions to negotiated text. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (2nd ed., pp. 645–672). Sage.
Majina mbadala	panel structured interview, repeated structured interview, longitudinal survey interview, wave-based structured interview	standardized interview, formal interview, schedule-based interview, fixed-format interview
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	A longitudinal structured interview applies a fixed, standardised interview schedule to the same participants at two or more points in time. By holding the instrument constant across waves, the method enables genuine within-person change to be measured, trends to be tracked, and causal sequences to be examined with far greater confidence than a single cross-sectional interview can provide. It is widely used in panel studies, cohort research, and programme evaluations.	A structured interview is a data collection technique in which every participant is asked exactly the same pre-specified questions in the same order, using standardized wording. Because the interview schedule is fixed, responses across participants are directly comparable, enabling quantitative aggregation and statistical analysis. It sits at the most standardized end of the interview continuum, between the self-administered questionnaire and the semi-structured interview.