Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti wa Kina wa Kijamii	Utafiti wa kifani
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1920s (classical origins); refined 1990s–2000s	1984 (seminal codification)
Mwanzilishi	Rooted in classical anthropological fieldwork (Malinowski, 1922); systematised for sociological revisits by Michael Burawoy (2003)	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)
Aina	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research design
Chanzo asilia	Burawoy, M. (2003). Revisits: An outline of a theory of reflexive ethnography. American Sociological Review, 68(5), 645–679.	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169
Majina mbadala	extended ethnography, long-term fieldwork, sustained ethnographic study, longitudinal field research	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	Longitudinal ethnography is a qualitative research design in which a researcher conducts sustained, repeated fieldwork with the same community, organisation, or group across an extended period — months to decades. By returning to the field at multiple time points, the researcher captures how social processes, meanings, and structures evolve, making it the only qualitative method capable of directly observing change and continuity in lived experience.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.