Linganisha mbinu

	Uchanganuzi wa Mihadhara wa Muda Mrefu	Uchambuzi wa Hadithi
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990s–2000s (systematised as a distinct approach)	1967 (foundational); 2008 (canonical handbook)
Mwanzilishi	Norman Fairclough; Jan Blommaert; applied linguists in sociolinguistics and CDA traditions	Catherine Kohler Riessman (seminal synthesis, 2008); roots in Labov & Waletzky (1967)
Aina	Qualitative longitudinal research design	Qualitative interpretive method
Chanzo asilia	Fairclough, N. (2003). Analysing Discourse: Textual Analysis for Social Research. Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415258937	Riessman, C.K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage.
Majina mbadala	LDA, diachronic discourse analysis, longitudinal CDA, discourse change analysis	narrative inquiry, life history analysis, biographical research, Anlatı Analizi (Narrative Analysis)
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	Longitudinal Discourse Analysis (LDA) is a qualitative research approach that examines how discourse — language in use, texts, talk, and representational practices — changes across time. Rather than analysing a single snapshot of language, LDA collects and compares discourse data at multiple points to uncover how meanings, identities, ideologies, or social practices evolve, stabilise, or shift under the influence of historical, institutional, or societal forces.	Narrative analysis is a qualitative research method, synthesised canonically by Catherine Kohler Riessman (2008), that examines how individuals storise their lived experiences and construct meaning through the telling. Drawing on life history, biographical, and narrative inquiry traditions, it treats the story itself — not just its content — as the unit of analysis, attending to temporal sequence, plot structure, and the social context in which a narrative is produced.