Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Stigma cha Link (Kiwango cha Kuthaminiwa-Ubaguzi kilichoonekana)	Kipimo cha Unyanyapaa Uliowekwa Ndani wa Ugonjwa wa Akili (ISMI)
Nyanja	Urekebishaji wa Kisaikiatria	Urekebishaji wa Kisaikiatria
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1987	2003
Mwanzilishi	Link, B. G.	Ritsher, J. B., Otilingam, P. G., & Grajales, M.
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Link, B. G. (1987). Understanding labeling effects in the area of mental disorders: An assessment of the effects of expectations of rejection. American Sociological Review, 52(1), 96-112.	Ritsher, J. B., Otilingam, P. G., & Grajales, M. (2003). Internalized stigma of mental illness: Psychometric properties of a new measure. Psychiatry Research, 121(1), 31-49.
Majina mbadala	Link Scale, PDD Scale	ISMI
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Link Stigma Scale, also called the Perceived Devaluation-Discrimination Scale, is a measure of perceived stigma developed by Bruce G. Link in 1987. It assesses the extent to which individuals with serious mental illness perceive that society devalues people with mental illness and discriminates against them. Unlike internalized stigma (self-directed negative beliefs), the Link Scale captures perceived external stigma—beliefs about how others view and treat people with mental illness. The scale is widely used in stigma research and mental health services to understand stigma as a social and structural phenomenon.	The Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI) is a 29-item self-report measure assessing the extent to which individuals with serious mental illness have internalized societal stigma—that is, adopted negative beliefs and stereotypes about themselves and their condition. Developed by Ritsher, Otilingam, and Grajales in 2003, the ISMI captures five dimensions of internalized stigma: alienation, stereotype endorsement, perceived discrimination, social withdrawal, and stigma resistance. The ISMI is widely used in mental health research and clinical practice to assess stigma burden and inform stigma-reduction interventions.