Linganisha mbinu

	Life-Course Criminology Analysis	Desistance Analysis
Nyanja	Criminology	Criminology
Familia	Process / pipeline	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1993	2001
Mwanzilishi	Robert J. Sampson & John H. Laub	John H. Laub & Robert J. Sampson; Shawn D. Bushway et al.
Aina	Theoretical framework and longitudinal analytic strategy for offending over the life course	Time-to-event and trajectory modeling of ceasing offending
Chanzo asilia	Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (1993). Crime in the Making: Pathways and Turning Points Through Life. Harvard University Press. ISBN: 9780674176058	Laub, J. H., & Sampson, R. J. (2001). Understanding desistance from crime. Crime and Justice, 28, 1–69.
Majina mbadala	Age-Graded Theory of Informal Social Control, Sampson-Laub Life-Course Theory, Developmental Life-Course Criminology, Life-Course Theory of Crime	Desistance Modeling, Time-to-Desistance Analysis, Cessation-of-Offending Analysis, Criminal Career Termination Analysis
Zinazohusiana	5	4
Muhtasari	Life-course criminology analyzes both continuity and change in offending across the entire life span, anchored in Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of informal social control. The core claim is that social bonds that emerge at different ages — strong marriages, stable employment, military service — function as informal social control that can redirect criminal trajectories, so that change is possible at any age and is not fully determined by childhood propensity.	Desistance analysis models the process by which offenders cease offending — estimating the timing of the last offense, the hazard of termination, and the decline of offending toward zero. Sharpened by Laub and Sampson and by Bushway and colleagues around 2001, it treats desistance not as a single event but as a process, and confronts the deep measurement problem of telling true termination apart from a long gap or a gradual slowing of crime.