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Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Life-Course Criminology Analysis× | Criminal Career Paradigm× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Criminology | Criminology |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1993 | 1986 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Robert J. Sampson & John H. Laub | Alfred Blumstein, Jacqueline Cohen, Jeffrey Roth & Christy Visher |
| Aina≠ | Theoretical framework and longitudinal analytic strategy for offending over the life course | Conceptual framework for decomposing offending over the life course |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (1993). Crime in the Making: Pathways and Turning Points Through Life. Harvard University Press. ISBN: 9780674176058 | Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., Roth, J. A., & Visher, C. A. (Eds.). (1986). Criminal Careers and 'Career Criminals' (Vols. 1–2). National Academy Press. ISBN: 9780309036887 |
| Majina mbadala | Age-Graded Theory of Informal Social Control, Sampson-Laub Life-Course Theory, Developmental Life-Course Criminology, Life-Course Theory of Crime | Criminal Careers Framework, Career Criminal Paradigm, Offending Career Approach, Blumstein Criminal Career Model |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 5 | 4 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Life-course criminology analyzes both continuity and change in offending across the entire life span, anchored in Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of informal social control. The core claim is that social bonds that emerge at different ages — strong marriages, stable employment, military service — function as informal social control that can redirect criminal trajectories, so that change is possible at any age and is not fully determined by childhood propensity. | The criminal career paradigm is a framework for studying offending as a longitudinal sequence in an individual's life rather than as undifferentiated aggregate crime. Codified by Blumstein, Cohen, Roth, and Visher in the 1986 National Academy of Sciences report, it decomposes crime into distinct dimensions — whether someone offends (participation), how often active offenders offend (frequency, λ), and the onset, seriousness, and duration of the career — each potentially with different causes. |
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