Linganisha mbinu

	Ubadilishaji wa Leksiko	Uchanganuzi wa Hisia
Nyanja	Uchimbaji wa Matini	Uchimbaji wa Matini
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2007	—
Mwanzilishi	McCarthy & Navigli (SemEval shared task, 2007/2009)	—
Aina	NLP lexical-level text transformation	NLP text-classification task
Chanzo asilia	McCarthy, D. & Navigli, R. (2009). The English Lexical Substitution Task. Language Resources and Evaluation, 43(2), 139-159.	Pang, B. & Lee, L. (2008). Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis. Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval, 2(1-2), 1-135.
Majina mbadala	sözcüksel ikame, Sözcüksel İkame (Lexical Substitution), context-aware synonym replacement, word-level paraphrasing	opinion mining, polarity detection, duygu analizi
Zinazohusiana	4	3
Muhtasari	Lexical substitution is a natural-language-processing task — formalised by McCarthy and Navigli through the SemEval shared task series starting in 2007 — that replaces a target word in a sentence with a semantically equivalent alternative that preserves the meaning of the surrounding context. It draws on synonym resources such as WordNet or on distributional word embeddings and masked language models to generate and rank candidate replacements, and is used for text robustness testing, style adaptation, and training-data augmentation.	Sentiment analysis, also called opinion mining, is a natural-language-processing task that detects the emotional tone of text — typically classifying it as positive, negative, or neutral. It turns unstructured opinion text into structured, quantifiable polarity signals using one of three families of approaches: sentiment lexicons, trained machine-learning classifiers, or pretrained transformer models.