Linganisha mbinu

	Uchanganuzi wa Njia ya Gharama Chini / Umbali wa Gharama	Uchanganuzi wa Maamuzi wa Vigezo-Nyingi unaotumia GIS (GIS-MCDA)
Nyanja	Uchanganuzi wa Kimaeneo	Uchanganuzi wa Kimaeneo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1994	2006
Mwanzilishi	Edsger Dijkstra (shortest path); GIS cost-surface adaptation	Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis)
Aina	Raster cost-surface routing	Spatial multi-criteria suitability/decision analysis
Chanzo asilia	Dijkstra, E. W. (1959). A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numerische Mathematik, 1(1), 269–271.	Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726.
Majina mbadala	cost-distance analysis, accumulated cost surface, least-cost corridor, en düşük maliyetli yol	GIS-MCDM, spatial multi-criteria analysis, GIS-AHP, weighted overlay suitability
Zinazohusiana	3	4
Muhtasari	Least-cost path analysis finds the route between two locations that minimizes accumulated travel cost across a landscape, rather than minimizing straight-line distance. By encoding terrain, slope, land cover, and other frictions into a cost surface and accumulating cost outward from a source, it identifies optimal corridors for roads, pipelines, trails, power lines, and wildlife movement — a core raster-GIS technique built on Dijkstra's shortest-path logic.	GIS-MCDA combines the map layers of a geographic information system with multi-criteria decision analysis to produce suitability or priority maps — ranking locations by how well they satisfy several weighted criteria at once. It is the standard framework for spatial decisions such as siting hospitals, solar farms, landfills, or evacuation areas, integrating methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and weighted overlay with spatial data.