Linganisha mbinu

	Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living	Kipimo kifupi cha Utendaji wa Kimwili (SPPB)
Nyanja	Social Gerontology	Jerontolojia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1963	1994
Mwanzilishi	Sidney Katz and colleagues at the Benjamin Rose Hospital, Cleveland	Jack M. Guralnik
Aina	Ordered hierarchical index of basic self-care function	Performance-based assessment
Chanzo asilia	Katz, S., Ford, A. B., Moskowitz, R. W., Jackson, B. A., & Jaffe, M. W. (1963). Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA, 185(12), 914-919.	Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., et al. (1994). A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. J Gerontol, 49(2), M85-M94.
Majina mbadala	Katz ADL Index, Index of ADL, Katz Activities of Daily Living Scale, Katz Basic ADL Index	SPPB
Zinazohusiana	4	5
Muhtasari	The Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, introduced by Sidney Katz and colleagues in 1963, is the foundational measure of basic self-care function in older and chronically ill adults. It rates whether a person can perform six fundamental activities — bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, continence, and feeding — independently or with help, and summarizes them into a single index of functional status. Katz's central empirical observation was that these activities are lost in a consistent order, from the most complex and socially learned (bathing) to the most primitive (feeding), and recovered in the reverse order, so the index reflects an underlying organized process of disability rather than a random list of tasks. Decades after its introduction it remains the reference standard for basic activities of daily living and a building block of geriatric and rehabilitation assessment.	The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is a performance-based assessment developed by Guralnik and colleagues in 1994 at the National Institute on Aging to measure lower extremity physical function and functional mobility in older adults. It is widely used in clinical practice and epidemiological research to predict disability, institutionalization, and mortality in community-dwelling seniors.